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Author: Brian S McGowan, PhD

RESOURCE: 40 Useful Tips For Anyone Taking A MOOC

Once, students had to pay a pretty penny to get access to Ivy League courses and top-tier educational resources. Those days are long gone, as there are now thousands of free online learning opportunities available from some of the biggest names in education and business in the world.As these resources have grown in number and the list of institutions providing them has become ever more prestigious, free online courses are gaining legitimacy with employers as a method of learning valuable job skills.

via 40 Useful Tips For Anyone Taking A MOOC.

What are the Natural Learning Actions of the ‘adult learner’? – ArcheMedX Blog

Welcome back to the ArcheMedX blog.

Perhaps the primary theme we will explore within the pages of the ArcheMedX blog is that “the cognitive process of learning is built upon a series of natural learning actions.” If applied properly, these learning actions allow an adult learner to extract critical insights – behavior changing insights – from the new and emerging information that is available to inform clinical practice. And, while the idea of understanding and supporting the natural learning actions of clinician learners is not entirely new, it has never before been so clearly defined.

To understand what we mean it might help to consider how you personally react to new information as it is being presented to you. Put yourself in the seat of a learner: What do you do as you listen to a lecture or a panel discussion or engage with educational content of any kind?

Chances are you engage in one of four natural learning actions: 1) you take a note, 2) you attempt to craft reminders which will help you reflect over time, 3) you immediately search for related information to provide greater context, or 4) you reach out to a trusted colleague to understand his or her own understanding and practice.

Natural Learning Actions Model

Over the course of hundreds of interviews I have conducted over the past year, I have come to learn that up to 85% of adult learners self-identify with these actions, and this is why I have come to call them the ‘natural learning actions.’ What’s more, of the ~15% of learners who claim not to take notes, for example, upon deeper investigation it appears that these non-note-takers have simply become so frustrated with their own learning actions that they have given up. Instead of taking notes, setting reminders, or conducting related searches, they simply look for the one or two things on which they can take immediate action and they admit to ignoring 90-95% of the lessons they could have learned – they readily acknowledge that they, “…can only manage so much information at one time.”

Despite the fact that I have met very few adult learners who cannot relate to these natural learning actions, it does not mean that effectively leveraging the learning actions is the norm – in fact, this is far from the case. From our interviews it appears that while the vast majority can relate, very few clinician learners have refined or evolved these learning actions to the point where learning is simplified. The reality is that there is very little awareness of these actions and how they either support or undermine learning.

This is the dual edge sword of any natural action: the actions become intimately entwined in what it means to learn, but they are consistently overlooked and underappreciated by learners and researchers alike. One would think that actions found to be so critical to learning would be well-studied and well-supported, but just the opposite is true. Just because a learner has been taking notes, setting reminders, conducting related searches, or even engaging in social learning since high school or college; this does not mean that they have refined these actions.

So what is our takeaway message? The reality is that there are few if any supportive devices to ensure that learners may optimize these very natural actions. Said another way, no one to date has engineered a learning architecture that ensures that the natural learning actions can be efficiently, effectively, even habitually leveraged to accelerate learning and to bend the forgetting curve.

Until now.

We are looking forward to sharing our vision within the pages of this blog. In the meantime, think about how you learn, what learning actions you take – you might be surprised by how logical this learning action framework is and you might surprised by what happens when you begin to evolve your own personal learning architecture.

All the best,

Brian

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Welcome to the ArcheMedX Blog

Welcome to the ArcheMedX blog.

Our goal for this site is to share our thoughts on the science of CME with a bent towards the online learning and assessment, but if history serves as evidence we will be commenting on much, much more.

ArcheMedX was founded with one clear purpose in mind, “to build the structure that simplifies learning.” And over the past year Joel and I have spent hundreds of hours exploring what works and what is missing in medical education. What has become increasingly obvious is that the traditional focus of developing and delivering de novo content to clinician learners has failed to have the impact that is needed to sufficiently and efficiently advance healthcare. Instead we believe that a new model must evolve – a model in which a ubiquitous learning architecture is engineered.

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MANUSCRIPT: Enabling Problem Based Learning through Web 2.0 Technologies: PBL 2.0

ABSTRACT
Advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT), particularly the so-called Web 2.0, are affecting all aspects of our life: How we communicate, how we shop, how we socialise, how we learn. Facilitating learning through the use of ICT, also known as eLearning, is a vital part of modern educational systems. Established pedagogical strategies, such as Problem Based Learning (PBL), are being adapted for online use in conjunction with modern Web 2.0 technologies and tools. However, even though Web 2.0 and progressive social-networking technologies are automatically associated with ideals such as collaboration, sharing, and active learning, it is also possible to use them in a very conservative, teacher-centred way limiting thus their impact. In this paper, we present PBL 2.0 framework, i.e., a framework combining PBL practices with Web 2.0 technologies. More specifically, we (a) explain the theoretical considerations and construct the PBL 2.0 framework; (b) develop a learning platform to support the PBL 2.0 framework approach; and (c) apply PBL 2.0 in a real-world setting for lecturing University students. Pilot results are encouraging as overall satisfaction with the developed platform and good acceptance of the new learning practices is observed. Although the full potential of PBL 2.0 could not be achieved due to different institutional and cultural obstacles, authors believe that PBL 2.0 framework provides good guidance for designing and implementing a PBL course.

http://ifets.info/journals/15_4/21.pdf

ABSTRACT: The application of wiki technology in medical education, Medical Teacher, Informa Healthcare

Background, aims and methods: Recent years have seen the introduction of web-based technologies such as the ‘wiki’, which is a webpage whose content can be edited in real time using a web browser. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about the use of wikis in education, and considers whether wiki technology has features that might prove useful in medical education.

Results: Advantages and challenges of the technology are discussed, and recommendations for use are provided. We believe that wiki technology offers a number of potential benefits for administrators, students and instructors, including the ability to share information online, to construct knowledge together, to facilitate collaboration and to enable social learning and peer feedback.

Conclusions: We believe that with proper planning and instructional design, wiki technology can be usefully employed in medical education. We intend to continue to study the impact of wiki technology in our own programme, and we encourage others to evaluate the application of wiki technology in other areas of medical education.

via The application of wiki technology in medical education, Medical Teacher, Informa Healthcare.

MANUSCRIPT: Creativity, Self-Directed Learning and the Architecture of Technology Rich Environments

So, how do institutions and designers develop environments that support self-directed learning? A majority of current research focuses on internal characteristics of self-directed learners. Yet gradually, we are  beginning to understand that external factors have an impact as well. Guglielmino (1977) noted that certain learning contexts are more effective at promoting self-directed learning. Learning environments that use technology in meaningful ways may have an important impact on self-directed learning, as they connect students to resources in ways that were not previously available (Candy, 2004). We can also look to “real-world” learning applications or problem-based learning environments, which allow “learners to engage in their own problems, by providing contextualized support, and by exploiting breakdowns as opportunities for learning” (Fischer and Scharff, 1998).

http://punya.educ.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Mishra-Fahnoe-Henriksen-2013.pdf

MANUSCRIPT: Use of SMART Learning Objectives to Introduce Continuing Professional Development Into the Pharmacy Curriculum

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether a 2-year continuing professional development (CPD) training program improved first-year (P1) and second-year (P2) pharmacy students’ ability to write SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timed) learning objectives.

DESIGN:

First-year students completed live or online CPD training, including creating portfolios and writing SMART objectives prior to their summer introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE). In year 2, P1 and P2 students were included. SMART learning objectives were graded and analyzed.

ASSESSMENT:

On several objectives, the 2011 P1 students (n = 130) scored higher than did the P2 cohort (n = 105). In 2011, P2 students outscored their own performance in 2010. In 2011, P1 students who had been trained in online modules performed the same as did live-session trainees with respect to SMART objectives.

CONCLUSION:

With focused online or live training, students are capable of incorporating principles of CPD by writing SMART learning objectives.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3355288/

ABSTRACT: Impact of online education on intern behaviour around joint commission national patient safety goals: a randomised trial — Shaw et al. 21 (10): 819 — BMJ Quality and Safety

Abstract
Purpose To compare the effectiveness of two types of online learning methodologies for improving the patient-safety behaviours mandated in the Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG).

Methods This randomised controlled trial was conducted in 2010 at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) in Boston USA. Incoming interns were randomised to either receive an online Spaced Education (SE) programme consisting of cases and questions that reinforce over time, or a programme consisting of an online slide show followed by a quiz (SQ). The outcome measures included NPSG-knowledge improvement, NPSG-compliant behaviours in a simulation scenario, self-reported confidence in safety and quality, programme acceptability and programme relevance.

Results Both online learning programmes improved knowledge retention. On four out of seven survey items measuring satisfaction and self-reported confidence, the proportion of SE interns responding positively was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the fraction of SQ interns. SE interns demonstrated a mean 4.79 (36.6%) NPSG-compliant behaviours (out of 13 total), while SQ interns completed a mean 4.17 (32.0%) (p=0.09). Among those in surgical fields, SE interns demonstrated a mean 5.67 (43.6%) NPSG-compliant behaviours, while SQ interns completed a mean 2.33 (17.9%) (p=0.015). Focus group data indicates that SE was more contextually relevant than SQ, and significantly more engaging.

Conclusion While both online methodologies improved knowledge surrounding the NPSG, SE was more contextually relevant to trainees and was engaging. SE impacted more significantly on both self-reported confidence and the behaviour of surgical residents in a simulated scenario.

via Impact of online education on intern behaviour around joint commission national patient safety goals: a randomised trial — Shaw et al. 21 (10): 819 — BMJ Quality and Safety.

MANUSCRIPT: Towards comprehensive syntactic and semantic annotations of the clinical narrative — Albright et al. — Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association

Abstract
Objective To create annotated clinical narratives with layers of syntactic and semantic labels to facilitate advances in clinical natural language processing (NLP). To develop NLP algorithms and open source components.

Methods Manual annotation of a clinical narrative corpus of 127 606 tokens following the Treebank schema for syntactic information, PropBank schema for predicate-argument structures, and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) schema for semantic information. NLP components were developed.

Results The final corpus consists of 13 091 sentences containing 1772 distinct predicate lemmas. Of the 766 newly created PropBank frames, 74 are verbs. There are 28 539 named entity (NE) annotations spread over 15 UMLS semantic groups, one UMLS semantic type, and the Person semantic category. The most frequent annotations belong to the UMLS semantic groups of Procedures (15.71%), Disorders (14.74%), Concepts and Ideas (15.10%), Anatomy (12.80%), Chemicals and Drugs (7.49%), and the UMLS semantic type of Sign or Symptom (12.46%). Inter-annotator agreement results: Treebank (0.926), PropBank (0.891–0.931), NE (0.697–0.750). The part-of-speech tagger, constituency parser, dependency parser, and semantic role labeler are built from the corpus and released open source. A significant limitation uncovered by this project is the need for the NLP community to develop a widely agreed-upon schema for the annotation of clinical concepts and their relations.

Conclusions This project takes a foundational step towards bringing the field of clinical NLP up to par with NLP in the general domain. The corpus creation and NLP components provide a resource for research and application development that would have been previously impossible.

via Towards comprehensive syntactic and semantic annotations of the clinical narrative — Albright et al. — Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association.

ABSTRACT: The intended and unintended consequences of communication systems on general internal medicine inpatient care delivery: a prospective observational case study of five teaching hospitals — Wu et al. — Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association

Abstract
Background Effective clinical communication is critical to providing high-quality patient care. Hospitals have used different types of interventions to improve communication between care teams, but there have been few studies of their effectiveness.Objectives To describe the effects of different communication interventions and their problems.Design Prospective observational case study using a mixed methods approach of quantitative and qualitative methods.Setting General internal medicine (GIM) inpatient wards at five tertiary care academic teaching hospitals.Participants Clinicians consisting of residents, attending physicians, nurses, and allied health (AH) staff working on the GIM wards.Methods Ethnographic methods and interviews with clinical staff (doctors, nurses, medical students, and AH professionals) were conducted over a 16-month period from 2009 to 2010.Results We identified four categories that described the intended and unintended consequences of communication interventions: impacts on senders, receivers, interprofessional collaboration, and the use of informal communication processes. The use of alphanumeric pagers, smartphones, and web-based communication systems had positive effects for senders and receivers, but unintended consequences were seen with all interventions in all four categories.Conclusions Interventions that aimed to improve clinical communications solved some but not all problems, and unintended effects were seen with all systems.

via The intended and unintended consequences of communication systems on general internal medicine inpatient care delivery: a prospective observational case study of five teaching hospitals — Wu et al. — Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association.