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Author: Brian S McGowan, PhD

The Emergence of a Real “Profession” in Continuing Education

The content in the embedded video below dates back to a talk I developed in 2011, shortly after I first  read the Alliance’s retrospective on its first 20 years. I recently recorded an audio track to archive the presentation and to begin to explore what’s changed over the past 3-4 years. In this blog post I will dig a bit more deeply into where we are today as we begin to see signs of the emergence of a real “Profession” in continuing education.

 

As this community endeavors to establish itself as key stakeholders in the healthcare Quality Improvement arms race, I have found myself reflecting back on countless conversations about whether or not we (those focused on continuing education in healthcare) can define ourselves as a true profession.

As you will see in the video, the first place to start any conversation about what makes a “Profession” is to work from a common ground or established definition, for instance: A Profession in medicine or science is derived from a cadre of like-minded and connected individuals working within a common framework or science. From here we can deconstruct these elements to better understand what is meant by ‘like-minded’, by ‘connected’, and by a ‘common science’.

When this presentation was given in 2011 the conversation within the CE community seemed to suggest that becoming a professional in CE was simply an element of one’s job – if you were employed within an organization that supports CE for healthcare professionals then you had the right to call yourself a professional. Conflating matters even more, at the time the new Alliance competencies and the NC-CME certification process seemed to validate this belief. The end effect was that there was a broad scale lowering of the bar and an undermining of the community’s real aspirations.

That was then…

Over the past few years I have seen a significant shift in this community to embrace what are the foundational elements of our emerging Profession. While it is early in this process, I think it is essential to recognize the elements that are in play and (hopefully) accelerate this critical transformation.

Perhaps the best way to do this is to give clear examples of where I see the emergence of cadre of like-minded and connected individuals working within a common framework or science.

We are becoming more ‘like-minded’ –

I have always been hard-pressed to believe that developing education for education’s sake was going to have the impact on healthcare that this community hoped for. Yet for the better part of the past 20 years, this was what was actually going on. And whether or not the designers and planners recognized it or would admit it, by-and-large I still see this approach taken today my many within the community.

But over the past year or two I have seen a significant uptick in the recognition that high quality healthcare is a product of a culture and a system; that educational interventions must be tied to non-interventional strategies; and that properly supporting the process of learning is critical to empowering clinicians to evolve. To be frank, I am seeing more and more members of this community embrace the reality that education outside a system for implementing change is a relatively low-fidelity solution – and that more and more of our resources and efforts must be directed to those interventions proven to be most effective and efficient.

In support of this belief I point to two examples: 1) the advent of the QIE Roadmap by the Alliance and 2) the launch of the NCQA’s Transformation of the PCMH model. These examples arise from two organizations arriving at a like-minded solution and a recognition that the greatest impact of CE lies in support of a healthcare organization’s quality culture transformation.

We are becoming more ‘connected’ –

This will come as no surprise to many, but I whole-heartedly embrace the opportunity that new media have to level the playing field and empower the masses to learn, to share, and to evolve. Dating back to the launch of the CMEAdvocate blog, to our weekly CMEchats (#CMEchat), and through to the construction of the ArcheMedX Resource Center – I have been making a constant effort to make learning and sharing more accessible and to better connect this community.

But what I feel began as a very small network of early adopters, bloomed to a mainstream Professional expectation with last week’s CMEPalooza. Largely on the volunteer effort of Derek Warnick and Scott Kober, nearly 30 moderators and speakers contributed to what amounted to a seven-hour long conversation and sharing of best practices with nearly 500 learners. These sessions have already been archived and serve as wonderful assets for the community to share. Add to this that there are now more than 9,500 members of the LinkedIn CME group started by Lawrence Sherman and hundreds of active discussions to partake in. In 2014 this community seems to have fully embraced the notion that the collective is more powerful than the individual!

We are focusing in on our ‘common framework or science’ –

But for this shift to a cadre of like-minded and connected individuals to truly become a Profession we must have commit to a shared praxis or common framework– this become the unifying body of evidence that drives the transformation. Our framework is that of the science of adult learning and implementation science. And here too I have seen dramatic shifts in what how this community thinks and acts. More and more members of this community are elevating their practices to build interventions based on solid evidence, focusing efforts on areas of proven need, and committing to publish their findings in peer-reviewed journals or present their work in broadly accessible and credible ways.

As one example, a brief manuscript describing work from our Partners at ANCC and UVA has recently been received and accepted by the Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing – this is the first CE-focused report on the use of the flipped classroom and we couldn’t be more proud to have supported the planning, design, implementation, and analysis of this project. We will share much more about this important work when the article is published in early November!

To be clear, culture change is not easy; sometimes there needs to be tremendous forces applied from both external and internal sources before the elements properly align. But having lived through these turbulent times, I see this community being reshaped. I see a new era of like-mindedness, of connectedness, and I see the community hungry for more and more evidence to focus their efforts and demonstrate their successes. And, while perhaps the community has not invited these pressures in, I am starting to see signs that we are reacting and adapting in ways that have us on a path for better things – our collective challenge is to stay this course and to allow this new shared vision and openness to guide us on the path to truly becoming a Profession.

 

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ABSTRACT: Evaluation of a pictograph enhancement system for patient instruction: a recall study

Objective We developed a novel computer application called Glyph that automatically converts text to sets of illustrations using natural language processing and computer graphics techniques to provide high quality pictographs for health communication. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the Glyph system to illustrate a set of actual patient instructions, and tested patient recall of the original and Glyph illustrated instructions.

Methods We used Glyph to illustrate 49 patient instructions representing 10 different discharge templates from the University of Utah Cardiology Service. 84 participants were recruited through convenience sampling. To test the recall of illustrated versus non-illustrated instructions, participants were asked to review and then recall a set questionnaires that contained five pictograph-enhanced and five non-pictograph-enhanced items.

Results The mean score without pictographs was 0.47 (SD 0.23), or 47% recall. With pictographs, this mean score increased to 0.52 (SD 0.22), or 52% recall. In a multivariable mixed effects linear regression model, this 0.05 mean increase was statistically significant (95% CI 0.03 to 0.06, p<0.001).

Discussion In our study, the presence of Glyph pictographs improved discharge instruction recall (p<0.001). Education, age, and English as first language were associated with better instruction recall and transcription.

Conclusions Automated illustration is a novel approach to improve the comprehension and recall of discharge instructions. Our results showed a statistically significant in recall with automated illustrations. Subjects with no-colleague education and younger subjects appeared to benefit more from the illustrations than others.

via Evaluation of a pictograph enhancement system for patient instruction: a recall study — Zeng-Treitler et al. 21 (6): 1026 — Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association.

MANUSCRIPT: Growing a professional network to over 3000 members in less than 4 years

BACKGROUND:
Use of Web 2.0 and social media technologies has become a new area of research among health professionals. Much of this work has focused on the use of technologies for health self-management and the ways technologies support communication between care providers and consumers. This paper addresses a new use of technology in providing a platform for health professionals to support professional development, increase knowledge utilization, and promote formal/informal professional communication. Specifically, we report on factors necessary to attract and sustain health professionals’ use of a network designed to increase nurses’ interest in and use of health services research and to support knowledge utilization activities in British Columbia, Canada.
OBJECTIVE:
“InspireNet”, a virtual professional network for health professionals, is a living laboratory permitting documentation of when and how professionals take up Web 2.0 and social media. Ongoing evaluation documents our experiences in establishing, operating, and evaluating this network.
METHODS:
Overall evaluation methods included (1) tracking website use, (2) conducting two member surveys, and (3) soliciting member feedback through focus groups and interviews with those who participated in electronic communities of practice (eCoPs) and other stakeholders. These data have been used to learn about the types of support that seem relevant to network growth.
RESULTS:
Network growth exceeded all expectations. Members engaged with varying aspects of the network’s virtual technologies, such as teams of professionals sharing a common interest, research teams conducting their work, and instructional webinars open to network members. Members used wikis, blogs, and discussion groups to support professional work, as well as a members’ database with contact information and areas of interest. The database is accessed approximately 10 times per day. InspireNet public blog posts are accessed roughly 500 times each. At the time of writing, 21 research teams conduct their work virtually using the InspireNet platform; 10 topic-based Action Teams meet to address issues of mutual concern. Nursing and other health professionals, even those who rated themselves as computer literate, required significant mentoring and support in their efforts to adopt their practice to a virtual environment. There was a steep learning curve for professionals to learn to work in a virtual environment and to benefit from the available technologies.
CONCLUSIONS:
Virtual professional networks can be positioned to make a significant contribution to ongoing professional practice and to creating environments supportive of information sharing, mentoring, and learning across geographical boundaries. Nonetheless, creation of a Web 2.0 and social media platform is not sufficient, in and of itself, to attract or sustain a vibrant community of professionals interested in improving their practice. Essential support includes instruction in the use of Web-based activities and time management, a biweekly e-Newsletter, regular communication from leaders, and an annual face-to-face conference.

via Growing a professional network to over 30… [J Med Internet Res. 2014] – PubMed – NCBI.

ABSTRACT: What is appropriate to post on social media? Ratings from students, faculty members and the public

BJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to ascertain what medical students, doctors and the public felt was unprofessional for medical students, as future doctors, to post on a social media site, Facebook(®) . The significance of this is that unprofessional content reflects poorly on a student, which in turn can significantly affect a patient’s confidence in that student’s clinical abilities.
METHODS:
An online survey was designed to investigate the perceptions of University of Michigan medical students, attending physicians and non-health care university-wide employees (that serves as a subset of the public) regarding mock medical students’ Facebook(®) profile screenshots. For each screenshot, respondents used a 5-point Likert scale to rate ‘appropriateness’ and whether they would be ‘comfortable’ having students posting such content as their future doctors.
RESULTS:
Compared with medical students, faculty members and public groups rated images as significantly less appropriate (p < 0.001) and indicated that they would be less comfortable (p < 0.001) having posting students as future doctors. All three groups rated screenshots containing derogatory or private information about patients, followed by images suggesting marijuana use, as least appropriate. Images conveying intimate heterosexual couples were rated as most appropriate. Overall, the doctor group, females and older individuals were less permissive when compared with employee and student groups, males and younger individuals, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
The most significant conclusion of our study is that faculty members, medical students and the ‘public’ have different thresholds of what is acceptable on a social networking site. Our findings will prove useful for students to consider the perspectives of patients and faculty members when considering what type of content to post on their social media sites. In this way, we hope that our findings provide insight for discussions, awareness and the development of guidelines related to online professionalism for medical students.

via What is appropriate to post on social media? Rating… [Med Educ. 2014] – PubMed – NCBI.

ABSTRACT: Using social media in supportive and palliative care research.

Difficulties relating to supportive and palliative care research are often reported. However, studies have highlighted that people near the end of life are happy to participate in research and want their voices heard. Thus, one may raise a twofold question: are we limiting the freewill of people who are seriously ill? And are we missing important data, which probably cannot be obtained from other sources? In light of this landscape, a new opportunity has emerged: the use of social media (SM). This paper provides a comprehensive summary of SM, including its theoretical underpinnings, and recent examples of successful uses of SM in healthcare research. It also outlines the opportunities (wider reach, direct access, the potential of Big Data, readiness of research data, empowered participants) and challenges (anonymity of participants, digital divide, sample bias, screening and ‘saying no’ to participants, data analysis) of using SM in end-of-life care research. Finally, it describes the practical steps that a researcher could follow to recruit patients using SM. Implications for palliative care clinicians, researchers and policymakers are also discussed, with a focus on the need to facilitate patient-centred care through the use of SM. The need for relevant and updated guidelines in this new, emerging field is highlighted.

via Using social media in supportive an… [BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2014] – PubMed – NCBI.

RESOURCE: Health in hand: mobile technology and the future of healthcare

Wi-Fi, smartphones, and all associated phenomena have permeated lives all around the globe. We are just seeing the first generation of humans to grow up with these things – the first of the ‘digital natives’. The health implications of virtual information and communication technologies have recently been questioned by academics, with forecasts of growing inequalities in health due to differential population access to virtual technologies (1), along with unequal distributions of the literacy skills and ability to find and use high-quality online information. June of 2014 brought about a shift in the digital market, whereby average daily use of health and fitness apps grew by 62%, outpacing the use of apps overall, at only 33% growth (2).

 

Flurryapps

PLOS Public Health Perspectives is pleased to welcome Priya Kumar to discuss these issues on the blog. Kumar is a nearly finished doctoral candidate in the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. Her doctoral research questions the impact of the World Wide Web in fostering online and offline connections between migrant communities around the globe. She is an expert in digital research methods and online content analysis.

This piece will be conducted in two parts…

via Health in hand: mobile technology and the future of healthcare – Public Health.

ABSTRACT: Social Media for Diabetes Health Education – Inclusive or Exclusive?

Technological innovations are rising rapidly and are inevitably becoming part of the health care environment. Patients frequently access Social media as a forum for discussion of personal health issues; and healthcare providers are now considering ways of harnessing social media as a source of learning and teaching. This review highlights some of the complex issues of using social media as forum for interaction between public-patient-healthcare staff; considers the impact in self- education and self-management for patients with diabetes, and explores some recent advances in delivering education for staff. When using any information technology, the emphasis should rely on being assessed rigorously to show it promotes health education safely, can be recognised as delivering up-to-date health information effectively, and should ensure there is no bias in selective communication, or disadvantage to isolated patient groups.

via Social Media for Diabetes Health Education… [Curr Diabetes Rev. 2014] – PubMed – NCBI.

RESOURCE: 5 Social Media Trends Within Healthcare in 2014 | Zach Cutler

Every year, social media increasingly integrates with almost every aspect of daily life. According to the Pew Research Center, 73 percent of adults online use some form of social media. So it’s not surprising that social media is beginning to work its way into the healthcare arena.

A report by the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics found physicians spend twice as much time consulting online resources than traditional print sources. And doctors certainly aren’t alone in consulting online sources when it comes to health information. In the U.K., reports place Facebook as the fourth most popular source of health information. In the U.S., between 70 and 75 percent of people look to the internet for healthcare information.

Social media channels are huge portals for sharing information with patients. It seems unlikely the social media trend will die down anytime soon, and healthcare professionals need to become fluent in the ways in which social media can impact and improve their professions and the lives of their patients.

Here are just five of this year’s social media trends impacting the healthcare field:

  1. Crisis Readiness
  2. Teaching Patients
  3. Live Tweeting Procedures
  4. Improving Prevention
  5. Empowering Patients

Read more:  5 Social Media Trends Within Healthcare in 2014 | Zach Cutler.

MANUSCRIPT: Is content really king? An objective analysis of the public’s response to medical videos on YouTube.

Medical educators and patients are turning to YouTube to teach and learn about medical conditions. These videos are from authors whose credibility cannot be verified & are not peer reviewed. As a result, studies that have analyzed the educational content of YouTube have reported dismal results. These studies have been unable to exclude videos created by questionable sources and for non-educational purposes. We hypothesize that medical education YouTube videos, authored by credible sources, are of high educational value and appropriately suited to educate the public. Credible videos about cardiovascular diseases were identified using the Mayo Clinic’s Center for Social Media Health network. Content in each video was assessed by the presence/absence of 7 factors. Each video was also evaluated for understandability using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM). User engagement measurements were obtained for each video. A total of 607 videos (35 hours) were analyzed. Half of all videos contained 3 educational factors: treatment, screening, or prevention. There was no difference between the number of educational factors present & any user engagement measurement (p NS). SAM scores were higher in videos whose content discussed more educational factors (p<0.0001). However, none of the user engagement measurements correlated with higher SAM scores. Videos with greater educational content are more suitable for patient education but unable to engage users more than lower quality videos. It is unclear if the notion “content is king” applies to medical videos authored by credible organizations for the purposes of patient education on YouTube.

via Is content really king? An objective analysis of th… [PLoS One. 2013] – PubMed – NCBI.

ABSTRACT: A patient-led educational program on Tourette Syndrome: impact and implications for patient-centered medical education.

BACKGROUND:
Graduate medical education about Tourette Syndrome does not typically focus on understanding the perspectives and perceptions of individuals with the condition.
PURPOSES:
Explore the impact of patient-centered, patient-led education programs on participant knowledge and empathy for patients.
METHODS:
Seventy-nine medical residents and students at five training sites in New Jersey attended patient-led presentations. Results were obtained using a pretest-posttest design assessing physician empathy, using the 10 perspective-taking items from the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. Additional understanding of residents’ experience was obtained by analyzing participant generated reaction statements.
RESULTS:
A factorial ANOVA (pretest, Posttest × Gender × Specialty) revealed a significant increase (p < .05) from total pre-presentation scores to total post-presentation scores indicating that participants endorsed a more empathic view following the patient-led presentation. Participant statements revealed themes concordant with the practice of patient-centered medicine.
CONCLUSIONS:
Providing patient-led educational presentations to medical residents can increase physician empathy, increase knowledge of Tourette Syndrome, and support the advancement of patient-centered medical education.

via A patient-led educational program on Tourett… [Teach Learn Med. 2014] – PubMed – NCBI.